Njira yowumitsa yowumitsa ma persimmons

I. Kusankha kwazinthu zopangira ndi kusamalidwa

1. Kusankha zakuthupi

Mitundu: Sankhani mitundu yokhala ndi thupi lolimba, shuga wambiri (≥14%), wokhazikika zipatso mawonekedwe, ndipo palibe tizirombo ndi matenda.

Kukhwima: Makumi asanu ndi atatu pa 100 aliwonse kupsa ndi koyenera, chipatsocho ndi chachikasu-lalanje, ndipo thupi ndi lolimba. Persimmons okhwima kapena yaiwisi adzakhudza khalidwe pambuyo kuyanika.

Kuwunika: Chotsani zipatso zowola, zipatso zopunduka, ndi zipatso zomwe zidawonongeka ndi makina.

2. Kuyeretsa ndi kusenda

Kuyeretsa: Onjezani 0,5% kuchepetsa hydrochloric acid kuti zilowerere kwa mphindi 5-10 kuti muwonjezere kuyeretsa, ndiyeno muzimutsuka ndi madzi oyera.

Peeling: Gwiritsani ntchito ma peeling pamanja kapena makina opukuta kuti muchotse peel. Ngati sichikukonzedwa mutangoyamba kusenda, imatha kuviikidwa mumchere wa 0.5% ndi 0.1% citric acid kuti ipewe oxidation ndi browning.

3. Kudula ndi kuchotsa tsinde

Kudula: Dulani persimmon mu magawo ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 0.5-1 cm. Ngati mukufuna kupanga zipatso zouma, mutha kudumphadumpha, koma muyenera kudula pang'ono pamtanda kuti madzi asamakhale nthunzi.

Kuchotsa phesi: Gwiritsani ntchito mpeni kuchotsa tsinde ndi calyx ya persimmon kuti pakhale podula bwino.

II. Chitetezo chamtundu ndi chithandizo chowumitsa (chosankha)

1. Chithandizo chamtundu wa chitetezo

Blanching: Ikani persimmon m'madzi otentha pa 80-90℃kwa mphindi 2-3 kuwononga oxidase ntchito mu zamkati ndi kupewa browning pa kuyanika ndondomeko. Pambuyo blanching, mwamsanga kuziziritsa kwa firiji ndi madzi ozizira.

Chithandizo cha sulfure: Ngati kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kumafunika, kufukiza kwa sulfure kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza mtunduwo. Ikani ma persimmons mu chipinda cha sulfure fumigation, gwiritsani ntchito 300-500 magalamu a sulfure pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya 100 ya zipangizo, kuyatsa sulfure ndikusindikiza kwa maola 4-6. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zotsalira za sulfure ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya chitetezo cha chakudya (≤50mg/kg).

2. Kuumitsa chithandizo

Kwa mitundu yokhala ndi mnofu wofewa, ma persimmons amatha kuviikidwa mu 0.1% -0.2% calcium chloride solution kwa maola 1-2 kuti aumitse minofu yamkati ndikupewa kupunduka kapena kuvunda pakuyanika. Muzimutsuka ndi madzi oyera mukatha mankhwala.

III. Kukonzekera musanayambe kuyanika

1. Kuyala ndi kuyala

Ikani ma persimmons okonzedwa mofanana pa thireyi yophikira kapena choyikapo waya, 1-2 masentimita motalikirana wina ndi mzake, pewani kuunjika, onetsetsani mpweya wabwino ndi kutuluka kwamadzi mofanana. Mukaumitsa chipatso chonsecho, ikani tsinde lake mmwamba kuti madzi achuluke.

Thireyi yophikira imatha kupangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, nsungwi kapena pulasitiki ya chakudya, ndipo imafunika kupha tizilombo tisanagwiritse ntchito (monga kupukuta ndi 75% mowa) kuti zisawonongeke.

2. Kuyanikatu (kuyanika kwachilengedwe)

Ngati zinthu zilola, ma persimmons akhoza kuumitsidwa kale padzuwa kwa masiku 1-2 kuti asungunuke chinyezi ndikuchepetsa nthawi yowumitsa. Musanayambe kuyanika, ndikofunikira kuphimba ndi gauze kuti mupewe kulumidwa ndi udzudzu ndi kuipitsidwa kwa fumbi, ndikutembenuzira 1-2 pa tsiku kuti muwonetsetse kuyanika kofanana.

IV. Kuyanika njira zowongolera (zolumikizira zazikulu)

1. Kusankha zipangizo zowumitsira

The Western Flag kuyanika zipangizo utenga PLC kulamulira wanzeru ndi kuwongolera kutentha; gwero la kutentha ndi lalikulu, monga magetsi, pampu yotentha, nthunzi, madzi otentha, mafuta otentha, gasi, LPG, dizilo, biogas, biomass pellets, nkhuni, malasha, ndi zina zotero; malinga ndi zokolola za persimmons, mutha kusankha chipinda chowumitsa kapena chowumitsa lamba.

Zotsatirazi ndizofotokozera za kuyanika kwa chipinda chowumitsa

2. Kuyanika ndondomeko magawo

Gawo 1: Kutentha (maola 0-2)

Kutentha: pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezeka kuchokera ku 30℃ku 45℃, chinyezi chimayang'aniridwa pa 60% -70%, ndipo liwiro la mphepo ndi 1-2 m / s.

Cholinga: kuonjezera kutentha kwa mkati mwa persimmons ndikuyambitsa kusamuka kwa chinyezi pamwamba.

Gawo 2: Kuyanika nthawi zonse (maola 2-10)

Kutentha: 45-55℃, chinyezi kuchepetsedwa kufika 40% -50%, liwiro la mphepo 2-3 m / s.

Ntchito: Sinthani zinthuzo pa maola awiri aliwonse kuti muwonetsetse kutentha kofanana. Madzi ambiri amasanduka nthunzi panthawiyi, ndipo kulemera kwa persimmons kumachepetsedwa ndi 50%.

Gawo 3: Kuyanika pang'onopang'ono (maola 10-20)

Kutentha: pang'onopang'ono kukwera mpaka 60-65℃, chinyezi chimayendetsedwa pansi pa 30%, liwiro la mphepo 1-2 m / s.

Cholinga: Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chapamtunda, kuteteza pamwamba pa persimmons kuti zisatukuke, komanso kulimbikitsa kufalikira kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chinyezi chamkati kunja.

Gawo 4: Kuzizira bwino (pambuyo pa maola 20)

Kutentha: kutsika pansi pa 40℃, zimitsani makina otenthetsera, sungani mpweya wabwino, ndikupangitsa kuti chinyezi chamkati cha persimmon chigawidwe mofanana.

Chiweruzo chomaliza: Chinyezi cha persimmons chouma chiyenera kuyendetsedwa pa 15% -20%. Mnofu uyenera kukhala wotanuka komanso wosamata pofinyidwa ndi dzanja, ndipo madzi asatuluke akadula.

3. Njira zodzitetezera

Pa kuyanika, kutentha ndi chinyezi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mu nthawi yeniyeni kuti tipewe kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumapangitsa kuti ma persimmons awotche kapena kutaya zakudya (kutayika kwa vitamini C kumakhala kofunikira pamene kupitirira 70).℃).

Nthawi yowumitsa ma persimmons amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi njira zodulira ndi yosiyana, ndipo magawo a ndondomeko ayenera kusinthidwa mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yowumitsa zipatso zonse nthawi zambiri imakhala maola 5-10 kuposa yodulidwapazipatso.

V. Kufewetsa ndi kusanja

1. Kufewetsa mankhwala

Ikani ma persimmons owuma mu chidebe chosindikizidwa kapena thumba la pulasitiki ndikuchiyika kwa masiku 1-2 kuti mugawirenso chinyezi m'thupi, kuti mawonekedwewo akhale ofewa komanso ofanana, ndikupewa kusweka kapena kuuma.

2. Kusankha ndi kuyesa

Kutengera kukula, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe:

Zogulitsa zamtundu woyamba: mawonekedwe athunthu, mtundu wa yunifolomu (ofiira-lalanje kapena mdima wachikasu), palibe kuwonongeka, mildew ndi zonyansa, shuga wambiri.

Zachiwiri: Kupindika pang'ono kumaloledwa, mtundu wake ndi wopepuka pang'ono, ndipo palibe cholakwika chilichonse.

Chotsani zinthu zosweka, zosweka kapena zonunkhiza zosayenerera.

VI. Mavuto wamba ndi njira zothetsera

Kutentha kwambiri Kuteteza mtundu wosayenera kapena kutentha kocheperako Limbikitsani chitetezo chamtundu (monga kuwonjezera kutentha kwa blanching kapena kukulitsa nthawi yofukizira sulfure), wongolerani kutentha koyambilira kwa kuyanika.≥45℃

Kupaka pamwamba Kutentha koyambirira kowumitsa ndikokwera kwambiri Chepetsani kutentha koyamba, onjezerani mpweya wabwino, ndipo pewani kutuluka msanga kwa chinyezi.

Internal mildew Ndi madzi ochuluka kwambiri kapena malo osungiramo chinyezi Onetsetsani kuti madziwo ndi ochuluka≤20% mutatha kuyanika, sungani chinyezi panthawi yosungirako, ndikuwonjezera desiccant ngati kuli kofunikira

Kulawa kolimba kwambiri Kutentha kowumitsa ndikokwera kwambiri kapena nthawi yayitali kwambiri Sinthani zowumitsa, kufupikitsa nthawi yotentha kwambiri, ndikufewetsa kwathunthu.